Moed Katan 34

ואחתיה בי קברי וקרי ביה אלפא שפורי בארבעין יומין אזיל עביד הכי פקע כדא ומית אלמא מאי שפורי שנפרעין ממנו

take it to a graveyard and hoot into it a thousand shipur [horn-blasts] on forty days'. He went and did so.

מאי תברא אמר רב יצחק בריה דרב יהודה תברי בתי רמי דתניא אמר רבן שמעון בן גמליאל כל מקום שנתנו חכמים עיניהם או מיתה או עוני:

The jar burst and the domineering bully died. What is the [significance of using a] shipur'? - That he'll pay, the penalty.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' She-nifra'im; lit., 'they will exact punishment'.');">¹</span>

והנזיר והמצורע מטומאתו לטהרתו: בעא מיניה רבי ירמיה מרבי זירא בשלא היה להם פנאי או דלמא אף בשהיה להם פנאי

What signifies the tabra<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'broken'. The short broken toots which were sounded at a shammetha.');">²</span> [tooting]? - Said R'Isaac son of R'Judah: [It suggests] 'the tumbling of high houses': for it is taught: Rabba Simeon B'Gamaliel said that wherever the Sages set their eye against one, [the result was] either death or poverty.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Hag. ');">³</span>

אמר ליה תנינא כל אלו שאמרו מותרין לגלח במועד בשלא היה להם פנאי אבל היה להם פנאי אסורים

AND THE NAZIRITE OR LEPER, EMERGING FROM HIS [STATE OF] IMPURITY TO [A STATE OF] PURITY. R'Jeremiah enquired of R'Zera whether this [concession]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To trim themselves during the festival week.');">⁴</span>

נזיר ומצורע אע"פ שהיה להם פנאי מותרים שלא ישהו קרבנותיהן

was allowed [only] when they had not an [earlier] opportunity.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To trim themselves during the festival week.');">⁴</span> or, maybe, even if they had an [earlier] opportunity? - He replied, We learned it [in a Baraitha]:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 14a-b and cf. Tosef. M.K. II.');">⁵</span>

תנא הכהן והאבל מותרין בגילוח האי אבל היכי דמי אילימא שחל שמיני שלו בערב הרגל איבעי ליה לגלוחי בערב הרגל אלא שחל שמיני שלו להיות בשבת ערב הרגל

All those who were mentioned [in the Mishnah]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 13b-14a.');">⁶</span> as being allowed to crop their hair during the festival [week, are allowed] where they had no [earlier] opportunity, but if they had an [earlier] opportunity [and did not use it] are forbidden.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To trim themselves during the festival week.');">⁷</span>

איבעי ליה לגלוחי ערב שבת דאמר רב חסדא אמר רבינא בר שילא הלכה כאבא שאול ומודים חכמים לאבא שאול בשחל שמיני שלו להיות בשבת ערב הרגל שמותר לגלח בערב שבת

The Nazirite and the leper [however] are allowed,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To trim themselves during the festival week.');">⁷</span> even if they had an opportunity [and did not use it]; the reason being that they should not delay bringing their [prescribed] offerings<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Nazirite, Num. VI, 10ff; the leper, Lev. XIV, 9ff.');">⁸</span>

לא צריכא שחל שביעי שלו להיות בשבת ערב הרגל

[on their release from their respective restrictions]. A Tanna taught: A priest and a mourner also<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These are not mentioned in the Mishnah list.');">⁹</span>

תנא ברא סבר לה כאבא שאול דאמר מקצת היום ככולו ויום שביעי עולה לו לכאן ולכאן וכיון דשבת הוי אנוס הוא

are allowed to crop themselves.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To trim themselves during the festival week.');">⁷</span> Now, as to this mourner, under what conditions [may he do so]?

תנא דידן סבר לה כרבנן דאמרי לא אמרינן מקצת היום ככולו ואכתי לא שלים אבילות דשבעה

Shall I assume that the eighth day of his [mourning] fell on the day before the festival? Then he ought to have trimmed himself then, on the day before<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As the seven days of mourning are over, the festival cancels the rest, down to 30 days (in all) .');">¹⁰</span>

האי כהן היכי דמי אילימא דשלים משמרתו ערב הרגל איבעי ליה לגלוחי ערב הרגל

the festival! Again, if the eighth day of his [mourning] came on a Sabbath which was the day before the festival; [if so] then he should have trimmed his hair on the Friday. as R'Hisda stated, citing Rabina B'Shila, that 'the rule in practice' followed Abba Saul's view and that the Sages concurred with Abba Saul,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The issues are discussed at length, infra 19b.');">¹¹</span>

לא צריכא דשלים משמרתו ברגל תנא דידן סבר כיון דתנן בשלשה פרקים בשנה היו כל המשמרות שוות באימורי הרגלים ובחילוק לחם הפנים כמאן דלא שלים משמרתו ברגל דמי ותנא ברא סבר אע"ג דשייך בהנך משמרות משמרתיה מיהא שלימא ליה

[namely] that where the eighth day of his [mourning'] came on a Sabbath which was the day before a festival, [in such a case] he was allowed to trim himself on the Friday!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Why then should he be allowed to crop himself during the festival week.');">¹²</span> - No, this [statement in the Baraitha] is required for the case where the seventh day of his [mourning] came on a Sabbath which was also the day before the festival.

תנו רבנן כל אלו שאמרו מותרין לגלח במועד מותרין לגלח בימי אבלן

[In that case] the external Tanna takes the view of Abba Saul who says that part of a day may be deemed as an entire day; and [accordingly] the seventh day of his [mourning] is counted both with the preceding and with the following period<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'with this way and that way'.');">¹³</span> and as that happens to be a Sabbath day,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On which he may not trim himself.');">¹⁴</span>

והתניא אסורים אמר רב חסדא אמר רב שילא כי תניא הכא מותרין בשתכפוהו אבליו

the mourner was prevented [from trimming himself on the festival eve].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., it is not on account of his negligence, but owing to the force of circumstances, and therefore he may have his hair cut in the festival week.');">¹⁵</span> [Whereas], our Tanna<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the Mishnah who does not include the priest or mourner in his list.');">¹⁶</span>

אי בשתכפוהו אבליו מאי איריא כל אלו שאמרו אפי' כולי עלמא נמי דתניא תכפוהו אבליו זה אחר זה הכביד שערו מיקל בתער ומכבס כסותו במים

takes the view of the Sages who say that part of a day is not deemed as an entire day, and [accordingly] the mourner has not yet completed the seven days of his mourning [before the festival].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And consequently the rest of the period is not canceled and therefore he id not among those who are allowed to trim in the festival week.');">¹⁷</span> Now as to the priest,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Mentioned above with the mourner by the external Tanna (in the Baraitha) as being allowed to trim in the festival week.');">¹⁸</span>

הא אתמר עלה אמר רב חסדא בתער ולא במספרים במים ולא בנתר ולא באהל אמר רב חסדא זאת אומרת אבל אסור בתכבוסת

under what conditions [may he]? Shall I assume that [the turn of] his Ward<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Mishmar, v. Glos.');">¹⁹</span>

ת"ר כשם שאמרו אסור לגלח במועד כך אסור ליטול צפורנים במועד דברי ר' יהודה ורבי יוסי מתיר

terminated on the day before the festival?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Priests were not allowed to trim themselves or wash their garments while their Ward was on duty in the Temple, save on the Friday in honour of the Sabbath. Cf. supra 14a.');">²⁰</span> He should have trimmed himself then on the day before the festival! No, it is necessary to assume that [the turn of] his Ward terminated on the festival [day].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When he could not trim himself.');">²¹</span>

וכשם שאמרו אבל אסור לגלח בימי אבלו כך אסור ליטול צפורנים בימי אבלו דברי רבי יהודה ורבי יוסי מתיר

[In that case], our Tanna<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the Mishnah who does not include the priest or mourner in his list.');">¹⁶</span> then holds in view of what we learned: At three periods of the year, all the Wards have an equal right to [assist in placing] the 'ordained' parts<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. e.g., Lev. 1, 5-9; 11-13; II, 1-3ff; VII, 1-10 etc.');">²²</span>

אמר עולא הלכה כרבי יהודה באבל והלכה כרבי יוסי במועד שמואל אמר

of the festival offerings [on the altar] and sharing th 'shewbread'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XXIV, 5-9.');">²³</span> - that we consider him as one whose Ward had virtually not yet completed [its turn].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Therefore he is not in the list of the Mishnah among those who may.');">²⁴</span> Whereas the external Tanna holds that although [in a way] he belongs to the other Wards [also], his own Ward had nevertheless [actually] completed [its turn, and therefore he may trim himself].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. n. 1.');">²⁵</span> Our Rabbis taught: All those who were mentioned [in the Mishnah] as being allowed to crop their hair during the festival [week] are likewise allowed to crop their hair during the days of their mourning. But surely it is taught that they are forbidden? - Said R'Hisda as citing R'Shela: When it is taught here that they 'are allowed [to crop their hair during the days of their mourning]', it refers only to persons who suffered one bereavement immediately after another. If it refers only [as you say] to persons who suffered one bereavement immediately after another, what is the point in wording it 'all those who were mentioned [in the Mishnah]' whereas [under such unfortunate circumstances] it is even applicable to anybody, as it is taught: 'If a person suffered one bereavement immediately after another and his hair has become oppressively [long], he may ease it with a razor and wash his raiment with water'? - But that has already been explained: R'Hisda said [it means], ease it with a razor but not with scissors: wash his raiment with water but not natron or lye.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [In the case of those mentioned in the Mishnah, where they in addition suffered one bereavement after another, the said restrictions do not apply].');">²⁶</span> [Furthermore] said R'Hisda: This [Baraitha] indicates that [otherwise] a mourner is barred from washing [his clothes]. Our Rabbis taught: 'Just as it was said that cropping the hair during the festival [week] is not allowed, so is paring the nails during the festival [week] not allowed. This is R'Judah's opinion; but R'Jose allows it. And just as it was said that a mourner is not allowed to crop his hair within [the period of] his mourning, so is paring the nails not allowed to him within [the period of] his mourning. This is R'Judah's opinion; but R'Jose allows it 'Ulla stated that the halachah follows the view of R'Judah in the case of a mourner, and that of R'Jose in regard to the festival [week]. Samuel said